Internet Of Things Technology

Internet Of Things(IoT):-

IOT Uses in the different fields 

The Internet is the most used things in the 21st century. 

The Internet of Things  ( IoT ) is a system of crowning computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, people or animals that are provided with individual identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without the involvement of human-to-human or human to computer interaction.

 A network of Internet-connected devices is able to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors or the artificial machines.

Points to be covered in this article:-

1. Introduction of IOT

2. History of IOT

3.Working of IOT

4.Application of IOT

5.Drawbacks of IOT

6.Conclusion

Introduction to IOT:-

The lay to an internet of things ( IoT ) is that the internetworking of physical devices, applications, buildings, vehicles, housing automating devices and alternative Objects embedded with physics, software, sensors and network property that allows these devices to gather, exchange and transfer information and also the helpful data. It also includes Artificial intelligence and digital footprint.

The IoT(internet of things)  allows devices or objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure. It is one of the very hot topics in the nowadays professional industry, marketing industry, policy and also in engineering circles. This technology is connected with a large chromatic of networked products, devices, applications, system, and sensors, which takes advantage of advances in computing power and network interconnection. This feature enhances the compatibility of the IoT devices uses in daily life. 

History of IOT:-

The term internet of things ( IoT ) is around 17 years old concept. But this is ancient technology, which has been introduced in 70's era. That time IoT was called as "embedded internet" or " pervasive computing."
The term IoT was firstly taken by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his work as Proctor and gambler. He was a British technology pioneer who was working on RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification). As the internet was the hottest new trend in 1999, he used these technologies in supply chain optimization in his business.
IoT started to gain some popularity in the summer of 2010. In October of 2013, IDC published a report stating that the internet of things would be an $8.9 trillion business market in 2020.

The first IoT device an IP ( internet protocol) enabled toaster that could be turned on or off with the internet was introduced at an internet conference in 1990.

Working of IOT:-

LI-FI is also one of the examples of a use of IOT.

Now we will know about the concept that how IoT works. I have categorized the working principle of  IoT in following steps:-

1. Define the objective of application:-

This is the preliminary step related to starting any IoT application. We should know the basics connected to the devices that for which purpose this method will be used.

2. Build IoT network and security foundation:-

  Many industrial IoT deployments have used proprietary networks. Instead of building proprietary systems, IT should connect IoT devices with standards-based IP networks. An IP-based network will help businesses deliver the performance, reliability, and interoperability that are required to support global IoT networks and connections with partner ecosystems.

3. Collect all relevant data:-

  Businesses that don't plan carefully for IoT will be affected by the volume and variety of data that IoT will generate. While each sensor may only produce a small amount of data, a company will be collecting data from thousands to millions of sensors. To create a fully automated IoT application or device we should know about the sensors and the related devices which are being used.

4. Review the size and scale of application:-

 We have to keep track of the size and scale of the devices we are making because it is the primary stage of the price determining of the IoT product. The methods generated should be more optimal than the currently available devices, then only some transparency in the market which is gained. 

 Application of IOT:-

IOT applications

1. Smart Homes:-

    

Smart Home clearly stands out, ranking as the highest Internet of Things application on all measured channels. More than 60,000 people currently search for the term 'Smart Home' each month. This is not a surprise. Smart homes include security and all other related facilities. Smart homes have bought a revolutionary change in the lifestyle of humans. Everyone nowadays wants to be updated with the new trending technologies.

2. Smart City:-

The smart city spans a wide variety of use cases, from traffic management to water distribution, to waste management, urban security, and environmental monitoring. Its popularity is fueled by the fact that many Smart City solutions promise to alleviate real pains of people living in cities these days. IoT solutions in the area of Smart City solve traffic congestion problems, reduce noise and pollution and help make cities safer. A smart city is a dream of developing country like India. They are growing like some of the towns are using the IoT application.

3. Industrial Internet:-

The industrial internet is also one of the first Internet of Things applications. While many market research such as Gartner or Cisco sees the industrial internet as the IoT concept with the highest overall potential, its popularity currently doesn't reach the masses like smart home do. The industrial internet, however, has a lot going for it. The industrial internet gets the most significant push of people on Twitter (~1,800 tweets per month) compared to other non-consumer-oriented IoT concepts. The industry also wants to be updated with the new technologies so to be competitive in the market.


4.Smart Farming:-

Smart farming is an often overlooked business-case for the internet of Things because it does not really fit into the popular categories such as health, mobility, or industrial. However, due to the remoteness of farming operations and the large number of livestock that could be monitored the Internet of Things could revolutionize the way farmers work. But this idea has not yet reached large-scale attention. Nevertheless, one of the Internet of Things applications that should not be underestimated. Smart farming will become the critical application field in the predominantly agricultural-product exporting countries.
Smart farming includes new techniques to increase the productivity of fields. Growing of hybrid seeds is one of the examples of it.

Drawbacks of IOT:-

Smart product of it

As we know that every technology has some advantage and disadvantage. In this section, we are going to discuss the problems of the internet of things. 
Following are the some of the disadvantages of IoT:-

1. Compatibility:-

Currently, there is no international standard of compatibility for the tagging and monitoring equipment. I believe this disadvantage is the easiest to overcome. 

2. Complexity:-

As we know that there are significant changes to be the failure of the internet of things devices, with the increasing loads or the heavy users. So this increases the complexity of the applications regarding time and space.

3.Privacy and Security:-

With all of this IoT data being transmitted, the risk of losing privacy increases. For instance, how well encrypted will the information be kept and transferred with? Do you want your neighbors or employers to know what medications that you are taking or your financial situation?

Conclusion:-

So, I have discussed pros and cons of the IoT( internet of things).The Internet Society cares about IoT because it epitomizes an expanding aspect of how people and institutions are likely to collaborate with and incorporate the Internet and network connectivity into their personal, social, and economic lives. Solutions to maximizing the benefits of IoT while minimizing the risks will not be found by engaging in a polarized debate that pits the promises of IoT against its possible perils. Instead, it will take informed engagement, dialogue, and collaboration across a range of stakeholders to plot the most effective ways forward.

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Quantum Computing Notes

QUANTUM COMPUTING NOTES:-

Quantum computer is the frequent topic of research in the field of Computer Science, which uses axioms of quantum mechanics. Quantum computers will be much more prevailing than the standard machine due to its immense computational speed. Recent developments in quantum computers which are based on the act of quantum mechanics show different ways of performing effectual calculations along with the various execution which is not possible on the classical computers in an adequate period of time. 

One of the most cogent results that have obtained on the quantum computers is the prime factorization of the large integer in a polynomial time. The idea of entanglement of the quantum mechanics for the computational purpose is delimited briefly in the present work that emulates the importance and ascendancy of the next spawning of the 21st-century classical computers, named as quantum computers, regarding the cost as well as time period appropriate for the computation purpose.

QUANTUM COMPUTER SAMPLE

POINTS TO BE COVERED IN THIS ARTICLE:-

        1. Introduction
       
       2. History

       3.Limitation of current computer

       4.working of quantum computer

       
       5. Application of quantum computers

       6. Drawbacks of quantum computers

       7. Conclusion

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Introduction To Quantum Processor:-


Have you ever imagined the world where machines will be much similar to the human itself? As I have also discussed in my previous blogs Life Technology and  Lets Know About Digital Footprint that  21st  century is the mother of revolution in the field of science and technology.

Quantum computing can be defined as the area of study which focuses on developing computer technology based on the principle of quantum theory. It discloses the nature and behavior of energy and matters on the quantum ( atomic and subatomic) level. It relies on quantum physics properties.
The conventional computers and the orientation processing that every one of us is familiar, obey the well-understood principles of classical physics.A traditional machine basically swings and interprets binary bits into a useful computational result. A bit represents a fundamental unit of information, represented by 0 or 1. The classical computers though have become compact and fast, cannot solve problems such as factoring of a massive integer problems such as factoring of a large integer.

Collaboration of quantum physics with computer science

History:-


Alan Turing was the first programmer who has invented the programmable computer in 1936. He has started his experiments to show that particular mathematical problem was not computable.
In 1982 Richard Feynman suggested that the dignified Turing machine might not be as convincing as people thought.


Yet somehow simulation process of N-particle can be done with quantum mechanics. But at that time he was not able to find a general solution.In 1982, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman thought up the idea of a 'quantum computer,' a computer that uses the property of quantum mechanics to its advantage. One such development was the invention of an algorithm to factor large numbers on the quantum computer, by Peter Shor (Bell Laboratories).

Limitation of classical computers:-

As we all know that in the era of advanced technology all person wants to automate machines. Automation is the most primary concern nowadays. 

Considering these facts, we can see some of the demerits of the current computer system:- 

1. Incompatibility:-
     
 In currently working system their exists some software which is not entirely platform independent. Windows software cannot run on the Android platform. It is the most significant problem which an end user faces in the daily life. Compatibility must be there in our system so that interaction should be between all types of platform.

  

2. Privacy violation:-

There exists such software which can affect your system very quickly. This kind of programs may be viruses, spams, worms or any type of software which are harmful to our system. Data security is the most priority of the users. But in our classical computer system, we are not able to resolve these query.

3. lack of intelligence:-


In the classical computers due to the slow speed of data transmission, the smart factor decreases. Everyone wants that type of machines which is very fast and efficient. It is also one of the problems which are regularly encountered by the users. The use of a quantum computer will increase the functionality of the system.


Working on Artificial Intelligence:-


It is the most asked question related to the quantum computing that "how actually the quantum computer will work." There are few concepts on which the quantum computer works. They are Qubits, superposition, quantum parallelism and entanglement.

a.)Qubits:-

 As from the history of the computer system, we know that our computer system understands only two bits either "0" or "1". "0" signifies OFF ( no electron is flowing or no current) and "1" signifies ON ( current is flowing in the system. But in quantum computation, the information is recorded regarding "quantum bits" or qubits. The values of qubits can be anything in between 0 and 1. like 0.12334, 0.5682, 0.999245, etc.

b.)Superposition:-


The electronic status of an atom for ground and excited levels are |0> and |1>. But in quantum computing, this superposition may be defined as the
         
   


                      Ψ =α|0>+β|1>


Whereα and β   are two complex vectors.
 In quantum mechanics, the no. of states increases exponentially. As in the concept of a qubit, we have discussed the possible number of countries between  "0, " and "1" is infinite.


c.)Quantum parallelism:-


The concept of superposition leads to the principle of parallelism to create new quantum microprocessor. In a real world, small particles like atoms may travel in any direction without any restriction. The basic idea is to utilize these molecules for computation.
     


d.)Entanglement:-

Quantum entanglement is the process in which the atoms are entangled in such a way that outwardly clashing of any other system or outer world one atom should spin in one direction. With the help of entanglement and superposition, we can create some complex algorithm which can solve billions of calculations in very jiffy time. Quantum computing will be very much faster than our standard assumptions.

Quantum Computer Application

Application of quantum computers:-



The application of quantum computers has enormous scope in the nearby future. The speed and the size of the quantum processor has a significant impact on the implementation of the quantum processor.

following are some application of quantum computers:-

 1. Safer airplanes:-

Lockheed Martin plans to use its D-Wave to test jet software that is currently too complex for classical computers. But in the quantum processor due to a small size of transistors, it will be immensely more comfortable to make safer planes.


2. Discover distant planets:-

Quantum computers will be able to rehash the vast amount of data collected by telescopes and explore out Earth-like planets. With the help of quantum computers, we will be able to visit considerable distances around the universe.

3. Boost GDP:-

Hyper-personalized advertising, based on quantum computation, will inflame consumer confer.

4.Detect cancer earlier:-

Computational models will help determine how diseases occur. As we have discussed that the quantum computer works by prediction. So it will help in disease prediction also.


 5.Help automobiles drive themselves:-


Google is using a quantum computer to design software that can distinguish cars from landmarks. It will help to make cars without drivers and also it will be safe.

6. Medicine development:-


In the recent time, the development in the field of medicine is too significant and very smart. With the help of quantum computing, it will be easier to invent new drugs.

7.Encryption:-


Data security is the most primary concern for the users in near time. With the help of advanced research in the data security, the data will be more secure than in the classical computers.

8.Fast Calculation:-


It has been predicted that with the help of quantum computer we can solve an unlimited number of variables in the fixed amount of time. If for computation, classical computers take 100 yr of age, then a quantum computer can solve in 2 sec. 

Drawbacks of quantum computers:-


There is the distinct disadvantage of the quantum computers.

Some of them are discussed below:-

1. quantum computing is only the concept nowadays, it will be inline in future.

2. Its application might affect the environment.


Conclusion:-

A computer that uses quantum mechanical phenomena to perform the operation on data through devices such as superposition and entanglement. It makes uses of a qubit, superposition, prime factorization, which makes quantum computing too much superior to the classical computers.  The number of states increases exponentially. It can solve any severe problem in the minimal amount of time.
For example,

  if a classical computer can solve a problem in 100 years, then the same problem can be solved in 1/2sec.

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